Studies on the genomic organization of recombinant Streptococcus gordonii and the development of a novel intergenic integration site for foreign gene expression.

The methods currently employed to produce recombinant Streptococcus gordonii strains for use as vaccines and/or protein expression vectors result in the insertion of foreign genes into an unknown integration site with no information on the transcriptional context or potential phenotypic consequences. Therefore, the genomic organization surrounding the insertion site of a recombinant strain of S. gordonii (GP1223) containing a portion of the emm6 gene of Streptococcus pyogenes was determined. The nucleotide sequence of chromosomal walks in both directions from the insertion site revealed that the insert was flanked by a duplicated 3061-bp ClaI fragment. A consensus gram-positive promoter and a factor-independent RNA polymerase terminator sequence could be deduced in the fragment immediately upstream of the insertion site. The ClaI fragment also encoded open reading frames (ORFs) with high homology and parallel structural organization to the leucine biosynthesis operon of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Chromosomal walks downstream of the identified promoter region on the non-recombinant parental strain, GP204, yielded the sequence of two ORFs which would be normal targets of the transcription derived from this promoter. Northern analyses detected a highly expressed M6-specific transcript in recombinant strain GP1223 consistent in size with the proposed transcription unit. Transcripts analogous in length to those observed for the leucine biosynthesis operon of L. lactis subsp. lactis were also detected encompassing the homologous ORFs of S. gordonii. This information has enabled the construction of a recombinant S. gordonii strain in which the emm6 gene from S. pyogenes was targeted to a distinct intergenic locus within the S. gordonii genome. This new recombination site allows for expression of foreign gene products with minimal perturbation of the genomic organization of the wild-type S. gordonii strain and has provided information essential for further optimization of foreign gene expression levels.